Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution
Cruise Planning Synopsis
view revisions | |
AT38 Behrenfeld "NAAMES" | |
Ship | |
R/V Atlantis | |
Cruise Party | |
Michael Behrenfeld: Chief Scientist, Principal Investigator Oregon State university Department of Botany and Plant Pathology, Cordley Hall 2082 Corvallis, Oregon USA 97331-2902 +1 541 737 5289 mjb@science.oregonstate.edu |
Departure: Aug 30, 2017 | |
Woods Hole | |
Arrival: Sep 24, 2017 | |
Woods Hole | |
Operations Area | |
North Atlantic | |
Lat/Lon: 50° 0.0′ N / 40° 0.0′ W | |
Depth Range: 0 / 2000 | |
Will the vessel be operating within 200 NM of a foreign country? | Canada, Greenland |
Are visas or special travel documents required? | no |
Science Objectives | |
The North Atlantic Aerosols and Marine Ecosystems Study (NAAMES) is an interdisciplinary investigation addressing two primary science goals: (1) Define environmental and ecological controls on plankton communities and (2) Define linkages between ocean ecosystem properties and biogenic aerosols. Within these two broad goals, the NAAMES investigation focuses on identifying environment-ecosystem-aerosol interdependencies in the climate-sensitive North Atlantic. This ocean region hosts the largest annual plankton bloom in the global ocean and its impact on Earth’s radiative balance is particularly sensitive to biogenic aerosol emissions. Specific baseline science objectives of NAAMES are to (1) Characterize plankton ecosystem properties during primary phases of the annual cycle in the North Atlantic and their dependence on environmental forcings, (2) Determine how primary phases of the North Atlantic annual plankton cycle interact to recreate each year the conditions for an annual bloom, and (3) Resolve how remote marine aerosols and boundary layer clouds are influenced by plankton ecosystems in the North Atlantic. These objectives are accomplished by coupling autonomous in situ and satellite measurements sustained throughout the NAAMES investigation with short-term, coordinated ship and airborne campaigns that target critical events in the annual plankton cycle and focus on detailed system characterization. These direct observations are integrated with climate-ecosystem modeling to create a process-based understanding that allows improved interpretation of historical data records and improved predictions of future change. | |
Science Activities | |
The NAAMES investigation has a duration of 5 years and involves 4 field campaigns. Each field campaign will share a common observation profile. The first and second campaigns were conducted in November 2015 and May 2016, respectively, on the UNOLS R/V Atlantis. For each campaign, ship-based measurements are accompanied by aircraft measurements. The aircraft is a NASA C-130 stationed in Saint John’s Bay, Canada. The Atlantis is required for each field campaign due to requirements for foreward deck space for a full-sized aerosols van, deck space for a radioisotope van, and the large scientific complement (34 berths). This global class vessel is also advantageous for the NAAMES project on account of sea-worthiness during field studies that span the annual cycle and familiarity of the science team gained during the first two campaigns. Each field campaign involves a 26-day, roughly triangular-shaped ship transect. The ship’s direction around the transect triangle is scientifically irrelevant, allowing real-time adjustments based on prevailing and forecasted weather conditions and sea-states. Assuming a counterclockwise direction, the ship proceeds from Woods Hole to the turning point at 40° N. During this outbound leg, underway sampling is conducted, but not regular overboard deployments. It is beneficial to make at least one stop during the outbound transect to conduct a ‘shake-down’ station of overboard operations. Following the turn northward, the full complement of ship-based measurements begins and continues until the northern-most turning point (~55° to 60°N). During this primary latitudinal science leg, daily operations involve a sampling station that begins near dawn and continues through the day. Station operations include multiple CTD/Rosette casts. Optical and other instruments mounted on the rosette for shallow casts but have depth limits <2000 m and will need to be removed before a deep cast. Following a deep cast, additional shallow casts are conducted for water sampling and underwater light measurements. Also during station, measurements will be made of downwelling light properties and water leaving radiances. Once the primary science transect is complete and the northern-most turning point is reached, the return transect begins, with continuous in-line measurements conducted until the day before port arrival, but no additional station occupations anticipated. In addition to water sampling and flow through seawater measurements, another key component of the NAAMES investigation is the measurement of aerosols. For this aspect, key measurements are conducted from the Aersosols Van, located on the forward deck of the ship. Aerosol measurements are conducted continuously while the wind is from the forward direction. These measurement have to be terminated when the wind is from the backward direction, due to contamination from the ship. Thus, it is desired to keep the ship orientation favorable for aerosol samples for the greatest fraction of the time feasible (understanding that ship orientation during overboard castings is dictated by sea state and wire angle). Also during the field campaigns, deployments are made of autonomous profiling floats and surface drifters. Deployments will occur along the N-S primary latitudinal science transect, with exact location dependent on station location and real-time information on regional mesoscale eddies. Surface drifter deployments will target mesoscale eddy centers and will provide water parcel tracking capabilities that inform flight patterns for the C-130. Airborne deployments accompanying the ship measurements focus on the primary N-S latitudinal transect. The airborne measurements include in situ aerosol sampling and remote sensing measurements with a hyperspectral ocean color sensor, a high resolution lidar, a polarimeter, and a downwelling irradiance sensor. Aircraft measurements need to be highly coordinated with the ship, so regular communications between the two platforms is essential. Aircraft measurements begin shortly after takeoff, and continue during the transect to the ship. Once arriving at the ship, a diversity of flight patterns are followed to characterize horizontal and vertical variability in ocean ecosystem and aerosol properties. The aircraft transect also includes fly-overs of regions previously sampled by the ship, as tracked by the surface drifters. These drifters essentially provide a ‘bread crumb trail’ that allows the aircraft to follow changes in system properties well after the ship has departed a given sampling station. Once the primary science measurements are complete along the ship transect, the aircraft returns to base. | |
Additional Info | |
Pre-cruise Planning Meeting: Teleconference/Visit WHOI | |
Meeting Notes: Michael Behrenfeld traveled to WHOI for the pre-cruise planning meeting on March 17, 2015 for first NAAMES cruise. For second NAAMES cruise, the pre-cruise planning meeting was conducted by teleconference. | |
Stations: | |
Station 7 Distance: 2200 Days: null Latitude: 40° 0.0 N Longitude: 40° 0.0 W Station 1 Distance: 1100 Days: 2 Latitude: 60° 0.0 N Longitude: 40° 0.0 W | |
Supporting documentation: | |
»2017_NAAMES_deck_plan_van_01_V1.8.23.jpg | |
»NAAMES_Van_Staging_2017.xlsx | |
»NAAMES_III__gas_cylinders.Chems.xlsx | |
»NAAMES_III__science_operations.pdf | |
»ChUMP_NAAMES_underway_CTD.jpg | |
Notes: Pre-Cruise meeting May 30, 2017 |
Funding |
Funding Agency: nasa | |
Grant or contract number: NNX15AF30G |
Scientific Instrumentation for R/V Atlantis |
Shipboard Equipment | |||||||||||
Sippican XBT System (Mark 21) | |||||||||||
ADCP 75 kHz | |||||||||||
Deionized Water System | |||||||||||
Science Underway Seawater System | |||||||||||
Navigation - Heading | |||||||||||
Fume Hood | |||||||||||
Navigation - Position | |||||||||||
Shipboard Communication | |||||||||||
Basic Internet access via HiSeasNet | |||||||||||
Is there a need to receive data from shore on a regular basis? | |||||||||||
Is there a need to transfer data to shore on a regular basis? | |||||||||||
Is there an expectation to use Skype or any other real-time video conference program? | |||||||||||
CTD/Water Sampling | |||||||||||
911+ Rosette 24-position, 10-liter bottle Rosette with dual T/C sensors | |||||||||||
Biospherical underwater PAR (1000m depth limit) with reference Surface PAR | |||||||||||
SBE43 oxygen sensor | |||||||||||
Seapoint STM turbidity sensor | |||||||||||
Wet Labs C*Star transmissometer (660nm wavelength) | |||||||||||
Wet Labs ECO-AFL fluorometer | |||||||||||
Wet Labs FLNTURTD Combination Flourometer and Turbidity Sensor | |||||||||||
Critical CTD Sensors | |||||||||||
Hydrographic Analysis Equipment | |||||||||||
Dissolved Oxygen Titration System (Brinkmann Titrator) | |||||||||||
Oxygen Sample Bottles (available in 150 ml sizes) | |||||||||||
MET Sensors | |||||||||||
Barometric Pressure | |||||||||||
Air temperature | |||||||||||
Relative Humidity | |||||||||||
Wind speed and direction | |||||||||||
Short Wave Solar Radiation | |||||||||||
Sample Storage | |||||||||||
Freezer -70°C 25 cu. ft. | |||||||||||
Freezer -70°C 3.2 cu. ft. ea. | |||||||||||
Refrigerator 8.6 cu. ft. | |||||||||||
Scientific Walk-in Freezer | |||||||||||
Storage Notes:
is the -70oC 25 cu. ft. freezer a walk-in -70 is not a walk in, it is a stand up. | |||||||||||
Navigation | |||||||||||
Will you be using Long Base Line (LBL) navigation? | no | ||||||||||
How many nets? | null | ||||||||||
How many tansponders? | null | ||||||||||
Will you be using Ultra-short baseline (USBL) navigation? | no | ||||||||||
Navigation | |||||||||||
GPS | |||||||||||
Navigation Notes: During long-term stations (36 - 48 h), it is desired to take samples following a surface drifter and, when not taking samples to maintain wind direction from the bow for aerosol sampling for as much time as sea state and other factors permit | |||||||||||
Winches | |||||||||||
CTD Winch with .322" Electro-mechanical wire | |||||||||||
Winch Notes: | |||||||||||
Winch Notes: | |||||||||||
Standard Oceanographic Cables | |||||||||||
| |||||||||||
Portable Vans | |||||||||||
Isotope Van |
Science Van 1 | |||
Type/size: 20' x 8' x 8' shiping container | Location: 02 deck aft | ||
Water: no | Power:no | ||
Science Van 2 | |||
Type/size: 20' x 8' x 8' shiping container | Location: 02 deck forward | ||
Water: no | Power:120 amps 'clean' power | ||
Science Van 3 | |||
Type/size: 20' x 8' x 8' shiping container | Location: 02 deck | ||
Water: no | Power:120 amps 'clean' power | ||
Science Van 4 | |||
Type/size: 20' x 8' x 8' shipping container - see additional notes | Location: 02 deck | ||
Water: no | Power:see additional notes | ||
Science Van 5 | |||
Type/size: 20' x 8' x 8' shipping container - see additional notes | Location: 02 deck | ||
Water: no | Power:120 amps 'clean' continuous power at 110 VAC |
Specialized Deck Equipment
Mooring Deployment/Recovery Equipment Required: no | Type: |
Cruise Specific Science Winch Required: no | Type: |
Nets Required: no | Type: |
Over the Side Equipment
- NOAA SeaSweep
- Peter Guabe transducer pole
- Peter Gaube mini-CTD underway deployment
Special Requirements
Elecrical Power: yes | Identify Most of power must be clean and able to run with UPS |
Equipment Handling: yes | Identify: hand held deployment of optical sensor / bucket samples of surface seawater on station |
Inter/intraship Communications: yes | Identify: communications with C130 aircraft |
Science Stowage: yes | Identify: regular access to science sample containers and lab supplies |
Water: yes | Identify: plumbing for clean flow through seawater system needs to be cleaned prior to cruise |
Additional Cruise Items/Activities
Hazardous Material
Radioactive Material
Additional Information
night time operations are common during NAAMES campaigns, including Seasweep deployment, CTD casts, drifter deployments, and float deployments
With respect to the CTD/rosette - it would be helpful to have a 36 place rosette if available to facilitate water sampling requirements. If a 24 place rosette is the largest available, it would helpful if this was equipped with 12 L Niskins. Also, it is critical that any black o-rings on the Niskin bottles are replaced with the orange silicone o-rings, as the black versions are toxic and will have serious impacts on many of the sensitive biological measurements made during the cruise.
NOTES from Pre-Cruise meeting 5/30: WHOI Does not have or access to a 36 place rosette or 12LNiskins. We do have orange non toxic o-rings on 24 place 10L rosette.
Science party will mount UVP to CTD frame.
With respect to the C-star transmissometer and FLNTURTD requested above, it is desired that these are mounted on the CTD/rosette system for water column profiling.
With respect to science portable vans: We are currently anticipating 3 portable science vans for the cruise. The first is a RAD van provided by UNOLS. The other 2 vans are aerosol vans on the forward 02 deck. The following text provides some additional information regarding these two aerosol vans.
Both aerosol vans are 20’x8’x8’ shipping containers. The 1st is owned by Scripps and will contain atmospheric particle measurements (possibly including Meskidhze's instruments and sampling). The 2ndaerosol van is to be requested from UNOLS for atmospheric gas measurements. Preferred mounting is on feet or rails 2’ above deck. We'll need 2 stair steps for each if available. It is prefer if both aersol vans are both mounted as far forward as possible and as close to each other as possible.
For the Scripps van, power requirements are 120 amps “clean” continuous power at 110 VAC. Lynn Russel will provide a 408 transformer. For the UNOLS supplied van, power requirements are 25 amps "clean" power and 14.1 amps dirty power at 110 VAC. The UCSC team has an additional 11 amp clean + 11 amp dirty power requirement for their mass spectrometer, but where this souce is depends on where the instrument is located (i.e., either in the van or wet lab). A crane is required to load van (15000 lb) onto “feet” bolted to 02 deck. A crane is again required to load inlet (300 lb) on top of van while it is secured. Two gas cylinders (dry air, standard size) need to be secured external to van (request a 2x2 rack be mounted on deck adjacent to back of van).
We would also like to request, if possible, phone installation in the Scripps van (the use of walkie talkies is not advised as they interfere with the mass spectrometers in the van)
Other miscellaneous items(1) It was not clear in this form if the R/V Atlantis has as part of its normal operating measurement instruments a Turner fluorometer for descrete sample chlorophyll measurements (??)
NOTES from Pre-Cruise meeting 5/30: WHOI does not have a Turner florometer for running individual samples.
(2) It would be helpful to know the volume of distillied/milli-Q water the ship can generate (?)NOTES from Pre-Cruise meeting 5/30: same volume as past cruise.
NOTES from Pre-Cruise meeting 5/30:
(1) the LaRC team is again planning on mounting the upward looking lidar on the 03 deck (as before) but will not have the other 2 NOAA instruments
(2) the LaRC team will also be bringing the additional radio for the bridge to communicating with the aircraft
(3) we may be launching 10 more radiosondes than we did on the last cruiseChecklist & Notes |
Checklist | |
U.S. Customs Form: | no |
Diplomatic Clearance: | yes |
Date Submitted: | |
Date Approved: | |
Agent Information: | |
Approved Greenland 8/15/17 | |
Countries: | |
Notes: | |
Isotope Use Approval: | no |
Isotope Notes: | |
SCUBA Diving: | no |
Checklist | |
SSSG Tech: | |
Science team will need assistance to loft cytometer into hydro lab. | |
From 5/30 Meeting: Heat lamp for forward pump (science party?) Request temp control for main lab. Wind from bow during ops Lights off on hangar back deck due to incubations |